GPT-2
GPT-2 brought the scale-driven emergence of general language behavior into public view—and made release governance part of the model story.
FAMILY / OPENAI
GPT
A defining closed-model family that moved from scaled pretraining to multimodality, reasoning, and agent systems.
- First model
- 2019
- Models
- 19
- Latest
- GPT-5.6
01 / LINEAGE MAP
Model lineage
predecessor derived from
02 / GENERATIONS
What changed
GPT-3
GPT-3 turned prompts into a general-purpose task interface and catalyzed the commercial model API ecosystem.
GPT-4
GPT-4 combined strong language reasoning and image understanding in one product generation and became a base for early tool-using agents.
GPT-4o
GPT-4o moved native multimodality from a research capability into a real-time mass-market experience.
GPT-5
It folded reasoning into the default product experience and established agentic coding as a core GPT capability.
GPT-5 mini
The lower-cost GPT-5 tier for workloads balancing reasoning quality, throughput, and price.
GPT-5 nano
The smallest GPT-5 tier for classification, extraction, ranking, and lightweight subtasks.
GPT-5.1
An adaptive-reasoning API update that reduced latency on easy tasks and added apply_patch and shell tools.
GPT-5.2
A GPT-5 series upgrade for professional work and long-running agents, offered in Instant, Thinking, and Pro tiers.
GPT-5.2-Codex
A GPT-5.2 variant optimized for long-horizon software engineering, large code changes, Windows, and context compaction.
GPT-5.3-Codex
A Codex model extending agentic coding into research, tool use, and end-to-end computer work.
GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark
A small, ultra-fast Codex research preview designed for real-time interactive coding.
GPT-5.3 Instant
A GPT-5.3 update for everyday conversation, focused on fewer unnecessary refusals, better search accuracy, and smoother writing.
GPT-5.4
Unified GPT-5.3-Codex coding advances with general reasoning, tools, and professional document work.
GPT-5.4 mini
A fast small model for coding and subagents with text, image, tools, and a 400K context window.
GPT-5.4 nano
The smallest GPT-5.4 tier for high-throughput extraction, ranking, and simple coding subtasks.
GPT-5.5
A 1M-context frontier model for complex knowledge work, computer use, coding, and scientific research.
GPT-5.5 Instant
The everyday fast tier of GPT-5.5, improving accuracy, concision, and use of personalized context.
GPT-5.6
This generation separated model versioning from durable capability tiers and incorporated multi-agent coordination at its highest effort level.